electromagnetism

Series & Parallel Circuits

Build circuits with multiple resistors in series and parallel. See equivalent resistance, current splitting, and voltage division in a 3D breadboard-style layout with glowing current paths.

Circuits

GCSE

In series circuits, current is the same everywhere and voltages add. In parallel circuits, voltage is the same across each branch and currents add. The equivalent resistance follows different rules for each configuration.

Resistor 110Ω

Resistor 220Ω

Supply Voltage9V

📐 Formulas

R_{\text{eq}} = R_1 + R_2 + \ldotsResistors in series

\frac{1}{R_{\text{eq}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \ldotsResistors in parallel

V_{\text{out}} = V_{\text{in}}\frac{R_2}{R_1+R_2}Potential divider

📋 Syllabus

AQA4.2.2

EdexcelTopic 10